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Commit 5369ef89 authored by Dries Buytaert's avatar Dries Buytaert
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- Patch #997884 by jhodgdon: improved t() documentation.

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includes/bootstrap.inc
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− 168
View file @ 5369ef89
......@@ -1222,181 +1222,54 @@ function drupal_unpack($obj, $field = 'data') {
/**
* Translates a string to the current language or to a given language.
*
* All human-readable text that will be displayed on the site or sent to a user
* should be passed through the t() function. This ensures that sites can be
* fully translated into other languages.
*
* Here are some examples of translating static text using t():
* @code
* if (!$info || !$info['extension']) {
* form_set_error('picture_upload', t('The uploaded file was not an image.'));
* }
*
* $form['submit'] = array(
* '#type' => 'submit',
* '#value' => t('Log in'),
* );
* @endcode
*
* In addition to translating static text, t() can handle text that should not
* be translated or that might change from time to time (such as link paths)
* and dynamic text from variables, using special "placeholders". There are
* three styles of placeholders:
* - !variable: Indicates that the text should be inserted as-is. This is
* useful for inserting variables into things like e-mail. Example:
* @code
* $message[] = t("If you don't want to receive such e-mails, you can change your settings at !url.", array('!url' => url("user/$account->uid", array('absolute' => TRUE))));
* @endcode
* - @variable: Indicates that the text should be run through check_plain(), to
* escape HTML characters. Use this for any output that is displayed within a
* Drupal page. Example:
* @code
* drupal_set_title($title = t("@name's blog", array('@name' => format_username($account))), PASS_THROUGH);
* @endcode
* - %variable: Indicates that the string should be HTML-escaped and highlighted
* with drupal_placeholder(), which shows up as <em>emphasized</em>.
* @code
* $message = t('%name-from sent %name-to an e-mail.', array('%name-from' => format_username($user), '%name-to' => format_username($account)));
* @endcode
*
* When using t(), try to put entire paragraphs in one t() call. This makes it
* easier for translators, as it provides context as to what each word refers
* to (and also allows translators to adjust word order, which may not be the
* same in all languages). HTML markup within translation strings is allowed,
* but should be avoided if possible. The exception is embedded links: link
* titles add context for translators and need to be translated, so they should
* be kept in the main string, while link URLs should be generated using
* placeholders.
* - Incorrect HTML in t():
* @code
* $output .= t('<p>Go to the @contact-page.</p>', array('@contact-page' => l(t('contact page'), 'contact')));
* @endcode
* - Correct HTML in t():
* @code
* $output .= '<p>' . t('Go to the <a href="@contact-page">contact page</a>.', array('@contact-page' => url('contact'))) . '</p>';
* @endcode
*
* Another thing that is helpful is to avoid escaping quotation marks wherever
* possible, because it can be confusing to translation teams.
* - Less desirable quotation mark escaping:
* @code
* $output .= t('Don\'t click me.');
* @endcode
* - Better way to use quotation marks:
* @code
* $output .= t("Don't click me.");
* @endcode
*
* It is important that all translation uses the t() mechanism, because in
* addition to actually translating the text at run-time, the t() function is
* also used by text-extraction routines to find text that needs to be
* translated, and build databases of text to be translated for translation
* teams. For that reason, you must put the actual string into the t() function,
* in most cases, and not a variable.
* - Incorrect use of a variable in t():
* @code
* $message = 'An error occurred.';
* drupal_set_message(t($message), 'error');
* $output .= t($message);
* @endcode
* - Correct translation of a variable with t():
* @code
* $message = t('An error occurred.');
* drupal_set_message($message, 'error');
* $output .= $message;
* @endcode
*
* The only case in which variables can be passed safely through t() is when
* code-based versions of the same strings will be passed through t() (or
* otherwise extracted) elsewhere.
*
* Also, you cannot use t() early in the bootstrap process, prior to the
* DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE phase. The language variables will not be
* initialized yet, so the string will not be translated into the correct
* language. Examples of places where t() cannot be used include:
* - In a PHP define() statement.
* - In a hook_boot() implementation.
*
* In some cases, modules may include strings in code that can't use t()
* calls. For example, a module may use an external PHP application that
* produces strings that are loaded into variables in Drupal for output.
* In these cases, module authors may include a dummy file that passes the
* relevant strings through t(). This approach will allow the strings to be
* extracted.
*
* Sample external (non-Drupal) code:
* @code
* class Time {
* public $yesterday = 'Yesterday';
* public $today = 'Today';
* public $tomorrow = 'Tomorrow';
* }
* @endcode
*
* Sample dummy file:
* @code
* // Dummy function included in example.potx.inc.
* function example_potx() {
* $strings = array(
* t('Yesterday'),
* t('Today'),
* t('Tomorrow'),
* );
* // No return value needed, since this is a dummy function.
* }
* @endcode
*
* Having passed strings through t() in a dummy function, it is then
* possible to pass variables through t():
* The t() function serves two purposes. First, at run-time it translates
* user-visible text into the appropriate language. Second, various mechanisms
* that figure out what text needs to be translated work off t() -- the text
* inside t() calls is added to the database of strings to be translated. So,
* to enable a fully-translatable site, it is important that all human-readable
* text that will be displayed on the site or sent to a user is passed through
* the t() function, or a related function. See the
* @link http://drupal.org/node/322729 Localization API @endlink pages for
* more information, including recommendations on how to break up or not
* break up strings for translation.
*
* You should never use t() to translate variables, such as calling
* @code t($text); @endcode, unless the text that the variable holds has been
* passed through t() elsewhere (e.g., $text is one of several translated
* literal strings in an array). It is especially important never to call
* @code t($user_text); @endcode, where $user_text is some text that a user
* entered - doing that can lead to cross-site scripting and other security
* problems. However, you can use variable substitution in your string, to put
* variable text such as user names or link URLs into translated text. Variable
* substitution looks like this:
* @code
* $time = new Time();
* $output .= t($time->today);
* $text = t("@name's blog", array('@name' => format_username($account)));
* @endcode
*
* However tempting it is, custom data from user input or other non-code
* sources should not be passed through t(). Doing so leads to the following
* problems and errors:
* - The t() system doesn't support updates to existing strings. When user
* data is updated, the next time it's passed through t(), a new record is
* created instead of an update. The database bloats over time and any
* existing translations are orphaned with each update.
* - The t() system assumes any data it receives is in English. User data may
* be in another language, producing translation errors.
* - The "Built-in interface" text group in the locale system is used to
* produce translations for storage in .po files. When non-code strings are
* passed through t(), they are added to this text group, which is rendered
* inaccurate since it is a mix of actual interface strings and various user
* input strings of uncertain origin.
* Instead, translation of these data can be done through the locale system,
* either directly through hook_local() or through helper functions provided by
* contributed modules.
*
* Incorrect:
* @code
* $item = item_load();
* $output .= check_plain(t($item['title']));
* @endcode
*
* During installation, st() is used in place of t(). Code that may be called
* during installation or during normal operation should use the get_t()
* helper function.
* Basically, you can put variables like @name into your string, and t() will
* substitute their sanitized values at translation time (see $args below or
* the Localization API pages referenced above for details). Translators can
* then rearrange the string as necessary for the language (e.g., in Spanish,
* it might be "blog de @name").
*
* @param $string
* A string containing the English string to translate.
* @param $args
* An associative array of replacements to make after translation. Incidences
* of any key in this array are replaced with the corresponding value. Based
* on the first character of the key, the value is escaped and/or themed:
* - !variable: inserted as is
* - @variable: escape plain text to HTML (using check_plain())
* - %variable: escape text and theme as a placeholder for user-submitted
* content (using check_plain() + drupal_placeholder())
* An associative array of replacements to make after translation.
* Occurrences in $string of any key in $args are replaced with the
* corresponding value, after sanitization. The sanitization function depends
* on the first character of the key:
* - !variable: Inserted as is. Use this for text that has already been
* sanitized.
* - @variable: Escaped to HTML using check_plain(). Use this for anything
* displayed on a page on the site.
* - %variable: Escaped as a placeholder for user-submitted content using
* drupal_placeholder(), which shows up as <em>emphasized</em> text.
* @param $options
* An associative array of additional options, with the following keys:
* - 'langcode' (defaults to the current language) The language code to
* translate to a language other than what is used to display the page.
* - 'context' (defaults to the empty context) The context the source string
* belongs to.
* An associative array of additional options, with the following elements:
* - 'langcode' (defaults to the current language): The language code to
* translate to a language other than what is used to display the page.
* - 'context' (defaults to the empty context): The context the source string
* belongs to.
*
* @return
* The translated string.
......
modules/dashboard/dashboard.module
+ 3
− 0
View file @ 5369ef89
......@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ function dashboard_permission() {
return array(
'access dashboard' => array(
'title' => t('View the administrative dashboard'),
// Note: We translate the 'Administer blocks' permission string here with
// a separate t() call, to make sure it gets the same translation as when
// it's in block_permission().
'description' => t('Customizing the dashboard requires the !permission-name permission.', array(
'!permission-name' => l(t('Administer blocks'), 'admin/people/permissions', array('fragment' => 'module-block')),
)),
......
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